Tax question about short time workers.?

I don't know much about taxes, so please excuse my lack of knowledge. I worked for about 4-5 months made about 5 thousand in that time and stopped working. Just recently got my w2 and gave it to my dad included with it was some receipts from Goodwill and a school loan. My dad calls me telling me i'm not getting a dime back from taxes, I know I don't owe any money, I haven't been late on any of my school loans, I just don't understand what's gong on. Don't know if this will apply to the situation but I worked as a county care giver and did have money going into a union for benefits that I didn't use. Back to the question, can someone further explain how/why i'm not getting any money back? Thanks for reading the description as it may be confusing/boring.